Patients with Spondylodiscitis following Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer in a Portuguese Cancer Hospital: A Case Report.

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is an umbrella term for tumor manifestations across the head and neck regions, including the oral cavity, pharynx (including the naso, oro, and hypopharynx), larynx, and sinuses. Treatment options for head and neck cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, with specific treatment plans depending upon individual tumor location and staging, together with overall patient health status. Furthermore, definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has emerged as a highly effective therapeutic option for locoregional advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer. However, such therapy has also been linked to the development of spondylodiscitis. Spondylodiscitis consists of an infection starting at the vertebral endplates and spreading into the intervertebral discs, typically manifesting in adults. Case Presentation and Conclusion: This case report describes our clinical team's experience in managing three separate cases of spondylodiscitis following CRT for head and neck tumors that presented at our clinic for diagnosis and treatment in order to identify predisposing factors that underlie the link between CRT and spondylodiscitis.

The role of early functional neuroimaging in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.

Reliably assessing the early neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is of utmost importance to advise parents and implement early and personalized interventions. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of neuroimaging modalities, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in NE. Eighteen newborns with NE due to presumed perinatal asphyxia (PA) were included in the study, 16 of whom underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fMRI during passive visual, auditory, and sensorimotor stimulation were acquired between the 10th and 14th day of age. Clinical follow-up protocol included visual and auditory evoked potentials and a detailed neurodevelopmental evaluation at 12 and 18 months of age. Infants were divided according to sensory and neurodevelopmental outcome: severe, moderate disability, or normal. Structural MRI findings were the best predictor of severe disability with an AUC close to 1.0. There were no good predictors to discriminate between moderate disability versus normal outcome. Nevertheless, structural MRI measures showed a significant correlation with the scores of neurodevelopmental assessments. During sensorimotor stimulation, the fMRI signal in the right hemisphere had an AUC of 0.9 to predict absence of cerebral palsy (CP). fMRI measures during auditory and visual stimulation did not predict sensorineural hearing loss or cerebral visual impairment. CONCLUSION: In addition to structural MRI, fMRI with sensorimotor stimulation may open the gate to improve the knowledge of neurodevelopmental/motor prognosis if proven in a larger cohort of newborns with NE. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Establishing an early, accurate neurodevelopmental prognosis in neonatal encephalopathy remains challenging. • Although structural MRI has a central role in neonatal encephalopathy, advanced MRI modalities are gradually being explored to optimize neurodevelopmental outcome knowledge. WHAT IS NEW: • Newborns who later developed cerebral palsy had a trend towards lower fMRI measures in the right sensorimotor area during sensorimotor stimulation. • These preliminary fMRI results may improve future early delineation of motor prognosis in neonatal encephalopathy.

Current Practices in Home Mechanical Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Real-Life Cross-Sectional Multicentric Study.

Purpose: Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming increasingly widespread. The aim of this study was to provide an accurate description of the current practices and clinical characteristics of COPD patients on HMV in Portugal. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional, multicenter real-life study of COPD patients established on HMV for at least 30 days. Data related to clinical characteristics, adaptation and ventilatory settings were collected. Results: The study included 569 COPD patients on HMV from 15 centers. The majority were male, with a median age of 72 years and a high prevalence of obesity (43.2%) and sleep apnea (45.8%). A high treatment compliance was observed (median 8h/day), 48.7% with inspiratory positive airway pressure ≥20 cmH2O and oronasal masks were the preferred interface (91.7%). There was an equal distribution of patients starting HMV during chronic stable condition and following an exacerbation. Patients in stable condition were initiated in the outpatient setting in 92.3%. Despite the differences in criteria and setting of adaptation and a slightly lower BMI in patients starting HMV following an exacerbation, we found no significant differences regarding age, gender, ventilation pressures, time on HMV, usage, severity of airflow obstruction or current arterial blood gas analysis (ABGs) in relation to patients adapted in stable condition. Conclusion: Patients were highly compliant with the therapy. In agreement with most recent studies and recommendations, there seems to be a move towards higher ventilation pressures, increased use of oronasal masks and an intent to obtain normocapnia. This study shows that chronic hypercapnic and post exacerbation patients do not differ significantly regarding patient characteristics, physiological parameters or ventilatory settings with one exception: chronic hypercapnic patients are more often obese and, subsequently, more frequently present OSA.

[Prognostic value of near-infrared spectroscopy in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy]. / Valor pronóstico de la espectroscopia cercana al infrarrojo en la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica.

INTRODUCTION: Despite treatment with hypothermia, 40% of newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy die or suffer moderate to severe disability. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be a useful, non-invasive tool to establish the prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic value of NIRS in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 36 months in newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, and to establish the time points and cut-off values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation that exhibit the strongest correlation to these outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included all term newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy managed with hypothermia and NIRS between 2013 and 2016. We established 3 outcome categories: normal neurodevelopment, moderate disability and severe disability. RESULTS: The sample comprised 28 newborns (median gestational age, 39 weeks; median birth weight, 3195g). The median regional cerebral oxygen saturation increased from 65% to 85% at 48hours post birth. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were normal in 28.6%, while 35.7% developed moderate disability and 35.7% severe disability; 3 patients died. We found a statistically significant difference between groups at 48hours (P=.005) and after hypothermia (P=.03), with higher values in patients with disability. When we compared patients in the severe disability group with the other groups, we found a statistically significant area under the ROC curve at 48hours of 0.872 (P=.001) applying a regional cerebral oxygen saturation cutoff of 83.5%. After hypothermia, regional cerebral oxygen saturation values below 66.0% (AUC, 0.794; P=.017) predicted normal development, while values above 82% (AUC, 0.881; P=.001) predicted severe disability. CONCLUSIONS: NIRS seems to be a valuable tool to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, even after hypothermia, with higher cerebral oxygen saturation values in patients with disability.

[Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics in Portugal: Hospital Patient Volume, Resources and Needs - Changes After Ten Years]. / Pediatria do Neurodesenvolvimento em Portugal: Movimento Hospitalar Assistencial, Recursos e Necessidades ­ Evolução em Dez Anos.

INTRODUCTION: Neurodevelopmental disorders are, in modern societies, the most common chronic pediatric conditions. Many remain in adulthood. Organizing the national health care network to respond efficiently and effectively requires grounded knowledge of care needs. The Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics Society of the Portuguese Society of Pediatrics in order to know the current hospital care reality of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, carried out a national survey in 2007, repeating it ten years later. Material e Methods: In the 2016-2017 biennium, a survey of 45 hospital units was conducted on the patient volume of Neurodevelopmental clinics, the allocation of human resources, and the needs for professional reinforcement. RESULTS: We obtained a 100% response rate. The total number of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics consultations rose from 38 238 (2007) to 99 815 (2017). The number of professionals has also increased: pediatricians increased from 82 to 156. A median of 101 children were awaiting first consultation, compared with 185 in 2007. DISCUSSION: In a decade, the patient volume almost tripled. The reinforcement of professionals, even though it was beneficial, did not increase accordingly; even so, the number of children on the waiting list for their first appointment has almost halved, reflecting the commitment of professionals. CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that the overall improvement of the national response in the area of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics is remarkable. However, the requested reinforcement of human resources from a multidisciplinary perspective should not be neglected in view of the continuous improvement in care delivery in an area of great chronicity and complexity.

Introdução: As perturbações do neurodesenvolvimento são, nas sociedades modernas, as patologias crónicas mais frequentes da idade pediátrica. Muitas permanecem na vida adulta. A organização da rede de cuidados de saúde nacional carece de conhecimento fundamentado das necessidades assistenciais para lhes responder de um modo eficaz, eficiente e efetivo. Com o objetivo de conhecer a realidade assistencial hospitalar atual da Pediatria do Neurodesenvolvimento, a Sociedade de Pediatria do Neurodesenvolvimento da Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria procedeu a um levantamento nacional em 2007, repetindo-o dez anos depois.Material e Métodos: No biénio 2016-2017 procedeu-se a um inquérito dirigido ao universo de 45 unidades hospitalares abrangendo o movimento assistencial das consultas de Pediatria do Neurodesenvolvimento, a alocação de recursos humanos, e as necessidades de reforço de profissionais.Resultados: Obteve-se 100% de respostas. O número total de consultas de Pediatria do Neurodesenvolvimento subiu de 38 238 (2007) para 99 815 (2017). O número de profissionais também aumentou: os pediatras passaram de 82 a 156. Uma mediana de 101 crianças aguardavam primeira consulta, contra 185 em 2007.Discussão: Numa década, o movimento assistencial quase triplicou. O reforço de profissionais, apesar de positivo, não teve o mesmo incremento; ainda assim, o número de crianças em lista de espera para primeira consulta reduziu-se quase para metade, o que reflete o comprometimento dos profissionais.Conclusão: É de salientar a melhoria global da resposta nacional na área da Pediatria do Neurodesenvolvimento. Contudo, o reforço dos recursos humanos numa perspectiva pluridisciplinar não deve ser negligenciado, tendo em vista a melhoria contínua da prestação de cuidados numa área de grande cronicidade e complexidade.

[Evaluation of hemodynamic changes in Buerger's disease patients]. / Avaliação das alterações hemodinâmicas em pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de Buerger.

INTRODUCTION: Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a vascular disease characterized by vascular and segmental occlusion of small and medium-sized arteries of the extremities, caused by an inflammatory and thrombotic phenomena. The aim of this study was to evaluate functionally the hemodynamic consequences of this disease and its main arterial vascular changes. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted with a sample of 100 patients diagnosed with TAO, who underwent to follow-up appointments every two years for peripheral arterial doppler, plethysmography and ankle-brachial index (ABI) at the Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery of the Hospital de São João in Porto. To conduct the study, the last hemodynamic evaluation of each patient was selected between 2004 and 2010. RESULTS: It was observed that tobacco has an unquestionable role in TAO, both in the rate of limb amputations (p = 0.006) and ABI values, with significant differences between non-smokers and groups of former and current smokers. Monophasic flow patterns are associated with low resistance spectrum and lower ABI values when compared to biphasic and triphasic flow patterns (p < 0.001). Normal ABI have a lower prevalence of collateral arteries associated in the right (p = 0.005) and left limbs (p = 0.032). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations of peripheral vascular disease characteristic of TAO were reflected hemodynamically with monophasic low-resistance patterns associated with altered ABI values. Tobacco has an important role in the vascular blood flow, determinating high rates of amputation and low ABI values.